Asian People Reached by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV Testing Program in the United States: HIV Testing, Linkage to HIV Medical Care, and Interview for Partner Services 2014-2020.

The purpose of this analysis is to describe HIV tests and associated outcomes for Asian people reached by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV testing program. We analyzed CDC-funded HIV tests among Asian individuals in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (2014-2020). Of the 415,560 tests, the positivity of new diagnoses was higher among males (0.49%, aPR = 7.64) than females (0.06%), and in the West (0.42%, aPR = 1.15) than in the South (0.25%). In non-health care settings, positivity was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 0.87%) and transgender people (0.46%). Linkage to HIV medical care among Asian people was 87.5%, and 70.7% were interviewed for partner services. Our findings suggest that improvements are crucial, particularly for Asian MSM, in linkage to care and interview for partner services.

CDC-Funded HIV Testing and Linkage to HIV Medical Care Among American Indian and Alaska Native People in the United States, 2014-2020.

OBJECTIVE: An estimated 1 in 5 American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults living with HIV are unaware of their status. We investigated HIV testing among AI/AN people receiving a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded test from 2014 through 2020. METHODS: We analyzed data on CDC-funded HIV tests reported by health departments and community-based organizations in the United States. We described the number of CDC-funded HIV tests, the percentage of people with newly and previously diagnosed HIV, and linkage to HIV medical care within 90 days of diagnosis. RESULTS: CDC-funded health departments and community-based organizations provided 99 227 HIV tests to AI/AN people during 2014-2020. Seven hundred thirty-five (0.7%) AI/AN people were diagnosed with HIV; 361 (0.4%) were newly diagnosed, 319 (0.3%) had a previous HIV diagnosis, and 55 (0.1%) had a previously unknown HIV status. Positivity for new diagnoses was highest among the following population groups tested in non-health care settings: men who had sex with men (MSM; n = 72, 1.2%), MSM who inject drugs (n = 12, 1.8%), and transgender people (n = 12, 1.5%). The percentage of linkage to HIV medical care was 80.6% for newly diagnosed people and 78.2% for previously diagnosed people. CONCLUSIONS: MSM AI/AN, including those who inject drugs, and transgender AI/AN may benefit from prioritized HIV testing. All AI/AN people with HIV, whether newly or previously diagnosed, should rapidly link to HIV medical care and receive support throughout the continuum of care. Our findings can inform which AI/AN population subgroups may benefit from enhanced HIV testing efforts and interventions.

Adults Aged ≥50 Years Reached by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV Testing Programs in the United States and US Dependent Areas, 2019.

OBJECTIVES: Older adults represent nearly half of people living with HIV in the United States. The objective of this analysis was to describe HIV testing, demographic characteristics, and risks of adults aged ≥50 years (older adults) reached in 2019 by HIV testing programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). METHODS: We collected data from 101 CDC-funded community-based organizations and 61 health departments. All funding recipients submitted deidentified program service data for 2019 through a secure online CDC-supported system. We used multivariable robust Poisson regression to assess the association between demographic and risk characteristics and the proportion of tests that resulted in a new diagnosis. We also assessed the proportion of people who received a positive test result, were linked to HIV medical care, and were interviewed for partner services. RESULTS: During 2019, among 2 452 507 CDC-funded HIV tests provided in the United States, 412 164 (16.8%) were provided to older adults. Among the 1059 (0.26% positivity) older adults with newly diagnosed HIV infection for whom we had data, 582 (68.4%) were linked to HIV medical care within 30 days of diagnosis and 494 (72.1%) were interviewed for partner services. Among the 2858 older adults with previously diagnosed HIV infection, 1321 (46.2%) reported not being in HIV medical care at the time of the test; of those with linkage data, 425 (49.9%) were linked to HIV medical care within 30 days of testing HIV positive. CONCLUSIONS: More rapid disease progression and higher morbidity and mortality rates among older adults suggest that services are needed to ensure early diagnosis, rapid linkage, and interview for partner services.

Contributions of Community-Based Organizations Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV Testing Program.

CONTEXT: HIV testing is a critically important first step in preventing and reducing HIV transmission. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are uniquely positioned to provide HIV testing and other prevention services to populations disproportionately affected by HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this analysis was to assess CDC-funded health department (HD) and CBO testing programs during 2012-2017, including the number of tests and HIV positivity. DESIGN: This is an analysis of National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation HIV testing data submitted between 2012 and 2017 to CDC. SETTING: Sixty-one CDC-funded state and local HDs in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands and between 122 and 175 CDC-funded CBOs, depending on the year. PARTICIPANTS: Persons who received HIV testing at CDC-funded CBOs and HDs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The number of HIV tests and positivity at CBOs were compared with HDs overall and to HDs in non-health care settings that, like CBOs, include HIV risk data and are in similar locations. RESULTS: CBOs accounted for 7625 (8%) new diagnoses but conducted only 3% of the almost 19 million CDC-funded HIV tests from 2012 to 2017. Newly diagnosed HIV positivity at CBOs (1.4%) was nearly 3 times the new positivity at HDs overall (0.5%) and twice that of new positivity at HDs in non-health care settings (0.7%). A higher proportion of tests at CBOs were conducted among groups at risk, and new HIV positivity was higher for most demographic and population groups than new HIV positivity at HDs in non-health care settings. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the essential role CDC-funded CBOs have in reaching, testing, and diagnosing groups at high risk for acquiring HIV infection.